Monday, June 3, 2013

Yes, you ought to publish your natural history research


Alex is an ecologist (he's not just a hypothetical guy - he's a post-doc at the University of Saskatchewan and has published some bird egg work in our journal). Alex likes natural history and appreciates its importance as the foundation for biology. But, he notes, natural history research is not as valued as it ought to be by many hiring committees. Alex wants a job. Given how many tasks academic biologists have on their "to-do" list (has anyone ever actually finished their to-do list?), biologists have to triage and invest their time in tasks that will have the greatest likelihood of achieving their main goals (getting a job, saving the world, etc.). Because natural history articles are often not highly valued by academic employers, writing natural history articles gets pushed down biologists' to-do lists, and valuable natural history research sits in computer file folders rather than being published.

Alex notes on his blog that while many biological journals no longer regularly publish natural history research, there are several natural history journals that publish nothing but the stuff. He singles out The Canadian Field-Naturalist with praise for our recent rejuvenation including catching up on our publication lag (it's not fully caught up yet, but that should happen this summer), our journal website, and our well-received Twitter stream. Thanks for the praise (your cheque is in the mail!*)

*by cheque I mean lint, and my mail I mean your pocket. Sorry for any misunderstanding.

Alex has decided to devote every Friday afternoon to producing natural history products, including manuscripts, to get his accumulated research out there and used by fellow biologists and naturalists.  Good idea!  One of the keys to write a lot of research articles, according to a book on the subject by psychologist Dr. Paul Silva, is to devote timeslots to writing. Make those timeslots as non-negotiable as timeslots in which you're teaching or booked for meetings. Devoting a chunk of time, even a very small chunk, can do wonders for productivity. I anticipate a productive year for Alex's natural history research!

I would add two points to Alex's about the benefits of writing natural history research, with the benefit of seeing things from the journal's perspective.

1. Not only do natural history journals exist, but we are actively looking for submissions.  In contrast to many of the bigshot journals published by mega-profit corporations, we don't inflate our Impact Factor by rejecting solid articles just because they're not on a sufficiently sexy topic. Those journals have a "problem" of too many submissions. We sometimes don't have enough submissions (especially when we're publishing issues rapid-fire as we catch up our publication schedule). If you have solid natural history research (good data, well-written, etc.), and the topic is a species whose range includes Canada, CFN will publish it regardless of whether it is sexy or not ... or even downright parthenogenic! Our editors go beyond simple accept/reject decisions to actually work with authors to get their manuscripts to publishable quality, so long as the core of the manuscript (i.e., the data / observations) are valuable. This cooperative approach to working with authors also works well for graduate students new to publishing, to help them learn the ropes and be encouraged rather than having their confidence torn to shreds like editors at some other journals can do.
Take-home message for authors: we have a high acceptance rate because we don't care about sexiness (except in its most literal sense - we publish research on sexual ornamentation!), editors who are there to help you, and work hard to maximize the dissemination and impact of your published articles.

2. Changes in publication metrics will result in higher valuation of natural history articles.  Like Wile E. Coyote finding himself standing on nothing, the mighty Impact Factor is falling.
Long known to be biased and easily gamed by journals, it was still used as a proxy for article quality because it was about the only metric available. Now there are myriad metrics available to evaluate the impact of articles. Not just citations by other academic journals, but also web links, Twitter popularity, pdf downloads, and more. Such changes will benefit natural history journals because natural history articles are relevant (and cited) far longer than those in trendy journals. The Impact Factor only considers citations to articles over the past two years of issues in a journal, thus incetivizing research on sexy topics. An analysis of articles in fellow natural history journal The American Midland Naturalist revealed that most of their articles are barely cited in their first two years after publication, but relatively highly cited 6-38 years after publication (McIntosh 2009). Similarly, Krell (2002) argued that impact factors don't work for taxonomy articles (related to natural history) for several reasons, including how little of taxonomy papers' long citation window is encapsulated by the impact factor's two year snapshot. The impact factor biases against journals that publish research with staying power, such as our own journal. As we previously wrote in Nature, we won't reject valid research just to increase a silly impact factor rating (Fitzsimmons & Skevington 2010). Better metrics will reveal the true impact of natural history articles.

So write those natural history manuscripts, know that there are good homes for them (yes please!), and know that hiring committees will value them more and more as metrics improve.

REFERENCES:
Fitzsimmons, J. M. and J. H. Skevington. 2010. Metrics: don't dismiss journals with a low impact factor. Nature 466:179.
Krell, F.-T. 2002. Why impact factors don't work for taxonomy. Nature 415:957.
McIntosh, R. P. 2009. The American Midland Naturalist: the life history of a journal. American Midland Naturalist 161:13-44.

Thursday, May 30, 2013

Why do we publish manuscript submission and accepted dates?

Recently Alex Bond, an ecologist at the University of Saskatchewan (his homepage and his blog) put out a question via Twitter:
The Canadian Field-Naturalist publishes the date when we first received a manuscript and when it was accepted.  We include this info at the bottom of all of our Articles and Notes (see pic below).


We do this for three reasons.
  1. For us.  We want to monitor how long manuscripts take in the review and editing process.  Publishing those dates on articles is a sure way to keep the info handy so we don't lose it.  Once we move to our online manuscript management system we will have more detailed info available for ourselves (e.g., dates of each review, dates of editors' correspondence, etc.).  These data allow us to evaluate the performance of practices and personnel to see what is related to turnaround times.
  2. For potential authors.  According to a survey of ecologists by Aarssen et al. (2008), the likelihood of a rapid decision was an important factor in choice of journal for submission for 72% of ecologist.  This could be why some of the mega-publishers are tricky in their turnaround time statistics; they "reject" manuscripts instead of calling it "revise", and count the submission of the revised version as a new submission.  This makes it look like the turnaround times are shorter than they actually are.  It's sketchy, and authors are blowing the whistle on this deception.
  3. For researchers.  Kareiva et al. (2002) and O'Donnell et al. (2010) analyzed manuscript turnaround times for a variety of journals, and found conservation journals were kinda slow, but getting faster over the past decade.  Considering conservation journals pride ourselves in publishing research relevant to policy makers, being slow could delay conservation policy action.  Kareiva et al.'s 2002 paper may have even been a "wake up call" for conservation journals, which O'Donnell et al. (2010) found subsequently reduced their turnaround times.  Other researchers are interested in the relationship between turnaround times and things like journal Impact Factor (e.g., Pautasso & Schäfer, 2010).  We're guilty of being slow, but over the past year our turnaround times have shortened considerably (I don't have the stats right now, but we've shaved many months off).  This is the result of great effort from our Editor-in-Chief, Associate Editors, reviewers, and of course authors.  Switching to our online manuscript management system should further reduce turnaround times, according to findings from other journals switching to such manuscript systems (Ware, 2005).
It's not just us who feels journals should publish these dates.  The Committee on Publication Ethics includes the publication of articles' dates of submission and acceptance as best practices for journal editors (pdf of their guidelines for editors).  Publishing manuscript dates is the right thing to do, and we'll continue to do so.

REFERENCES:
Aarssen, L. W., T. Tregenza, A. E. Budden, C. J. Lortie, J. Koricheva, and R. Leimu. 2008. Bang for your buck: rejection rates and impact factors in ecological journals. Open Ecology Journal 1:14-19.

Kareiva, P., M. Marvier, S. West, and J. Hornisher. 2002. Slow-moving journals hinder conservation efforts. Nature 420:15.

O'Donnell, R. P., S. R. Supp, and S. M. Cobbold. 2010. Hindrance of conservation biology by delays in the submission of manuscripts. Conservation Biology 24:615-620.

Pautasso, M. and H. Schäfer. 2010. Peer review delay and selectivity in ecological journals. Scientometrics 84:307-315.

Ware, M. 2005. Online submission and peer-review systems. Learned Publishing 18:245-250.

Monday, May 6, 2013

New issue: vol 126 issue 4 - with video accompaniment!

Our latest issue has an albino snake cover, but a cougar theme with three articles on cougar behaviour, distribution, and parasites.  Coyotes, red fox, fishers, and hares are also featured animals, along with purple loosestrife representing plants, and a sleuthing study of historic reddish egret collections in Nova Scotia.

This issue marks our first issue with a video supplement!  Mark Elbroch and Howard Quigley published an article with the word "kittens" in the title, but the video is not cute and cuddly.  The article and video show how cougar kittens may look big and strong, but their inexperience at killing prey seems to inhibit their hunting ability.  The video is embedded on our journal's website, associated with the article.  We look forward to publishing more articles with video supplements in the future.


Articles
--------
A Direct Comparison of Enclosed Track Plates and Remote Cameras in Detecting Fishers, Martes pennanti, in North Dakota (281-287)

Steven C. Loughry, Maggie D. Triska, Dorothy M. Fecske, Thomas L. Serfass


Population Structure of Harvested Red Foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and Coyotes (Canis latrans) on Prince Edward Island, Canada (288-294)
Wendela Wapenaar, Fiep de Bie, David Johnston, Ryan M. O'Handley, Herman W. Barkema


Stand-level Attributes of Snowshoe Hare (Lepus americanus) Habitat in a Post-Fire Trembling Aspen (Populus tremuloides) Chronosequence in Central Yukon (295-305)
Wayne L. Strong, Thomas S. Jung

Predicting the Spread of Purple Loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria) in the Prairies (306-319)
Cory J. Lindgren, David Walker

Notes
--------
Cougars, Puma concolor, in Ontario: Additional Evidence (320-323)

Frank F. Mallory, Rebecca A.Carter, Jenny L. Fortier, I. Stuart Kenn, Linsay Weis, B. N. White

First Record of Parasites from Cougars (Puma concolor) in Manitoba, Canada (324-327)
O. K. Dare, W. G. Watkins


Evidence for the Collection of a Reddish Egret (Egretta rufescens) in Nova Scotia During the 19th Century and its Association with the McCulloch Collection of Birds (328-332)
Eric L. Mills

Observations of Wild Cougar (Puma concolor) Kittens with Live Prey: Implications for Learning and Survival (333-335)
L. Mark Elbroch, Howard Quigley

A Partial Albino Hatchling Northern Ring-necked Snake, Diadophispunctatus edwardsii, from Big Tancook Island, Mahone Bay, Lunenburg County, Nova Scotia, Canada (336-339)
John Gilhen, Graham Caswell, Carrie Drake, Mary MacDonald, Heather McKinnon-Ramshaw


Book Reviews
--------
"Scientific and Standard English Names of Amphibians and Reptiles of North America North of Mexico, with Comments Regarding Confidence in Our Understanding – Seventh Edition." chaired by Brian I. Crother. 2012. [book review] (340-341)

Francis R. Cook


"Amphibian Biology Volume 10. Conservation and Decline of Amphibians: Ecological Aspects. Effect of Humans, and Management" edited by Harold Heatwole and John W. Wilkinson. 2012. [book review] (341-342)
Francis R. Cook

"The Amphibians and Reptiles of Michigan: A Quaternary and Recent Faunal Adventure" by J. Alan Holman. 2012. [book review] (342-344)
Francis R. Cook

"Contributions to the History of Herpetology. Volume 3" edited by Kraig Adler. 2012. [book review] (344-345)
Francis R. Cook


"A Pocket Guide to Lizards and Turtles of Pennsylvania" by Walter E. Meshaka, Jr., and Joseph T. Collins. 2012. [book review] (345-346)
Francis R. Cook

"Owls of the World: A Photographic Guide" by Heimo Mikkola. 2012. [book review] (346)
C. Stuart Houston

"Rhizobia in China" by Chen Wenxin and Wang Entao. 2012. [book review] (347-348)
Li Dezhi, Qin Aili

"Biodiversity in Agriculture: Domestication, Evolution and Sustainability" edited by Paul Gepts et al. 2012. [book review] (348-349)
Tyler Smith

"The 2010 Norwegian Red List for Species" edited by John Atle Kålås et al. 2010. [book review] (349-350)
Falk Huettmann

"A Primer of Ecological Statistics, Second Edition" by Nicholas J. Gotelli and Aaron M. Ellison. 2013. [book review] (350-351)
Tremayne Stanton-Kennedy

New titles (352)


News and Comment
--------
Yorke Edwards, 1924–2011; The Canadian Herpetologist 2(2), Fall 2012 (353)



Club Reports
--------
The Ottawa Field-Naturalists’ Club Awards for 2011, Presented April 2012 (354-356)

Ken Allison, Irwin Brodo, Julia Cipriani, Christine Hanrahan, Eleanor Zurbrigg

Instructions for Authors (370-372)

Index to Volume 126 (357-369)

Monday, April 1, 2013

Canadian Field-Naturalist purchased by Elsevier, renamed "Canadian Journal of Natural Historyomics" (April Fools post)

It is my pleasure to announce that, after 133 years being a lowly non-profit journal dedicated to spreading knowledge of Canadian nature, we have decided to get with the times.  We have sold our journal to Elsevier.  Elsevier's second order of business, after raising subscription fees 500%, was to re-name the journal The Canadian Journal of Natural Historyomics.

Elsevier spokesperson Cyril Sneer said "What is natural history?  I don't know, and maybe you don't either.  But what is natural historyomics?  Everybody knows - it's something important because it says -omics."  He continued, "this isn't just a re-naming, this is a complete re-branding of a journal from something that screams 'old' to something that screams 'trendy - OMG!'"

Some have criticized our move, saying that adding "-omics" to the end of a word does nothing more than lengthen it.  Dr. Jonathan Eisen, a Professor in the Department of Evolution and Ecology at the University of California at Davis, disagrees.  "It is well known that adding -omics to the end of a word improves the quality of the underlying research."  In related news, Dr. Eisen has announced he will change his name to Dr. Eisenomics.

Editor-in-Chief of The Canadian Journal of Natural Historyomics, Dr. Carolyn Callaghan, praised the bold move.  "Our journal has changed names in the past.  It went by the name Transactions of the Ottawa Field-Naturalists' Club from 1880-1887, then The Ottawa Naturalist for 1888-1918.  So The Canadian Journal of Natural Historyomics is the logical next step."

We have also entered into an agreement with the journal De Novo to collaborate on future projects such as their publication of Sasquatch genetics.

We welcome our new Elsevier overlords partners, and look forward to our future together.



*Yes, this whole post is an April Fool's joke.  Please don't take it seriously, take offence, or sue us.

Friday, February 22, 2013

E-mail address change

Our Editor-in-Chief, Dr. Carolyn Callaghan, is moving from her old e-mail address (editor at canadianfieldnaturalist dot ca) to a new one (thecanadianfieldnaturalist at gmail dot com).  We have experienced some problems with the @canadianfieldnaturalist.ca e-mail lately.  We are working with our server to fix the problem, but feel a gmail address will be most reliable.  Thank you for your understanding.

If you sent an e-mail to an @canadianfieldnaturalist.ca e-mail address recently and have not received a response, please re-send your e-mail to the @gmail.com address.  We apologize for this problem, and hope the e-mail change will fix it.  We may or may not revert back to the @canadianfieldnaturalist.ca e-mail address once we have fixed its problem with our server host - we will see.  Always in motion the future is.
UPDATE: We have switched domain hosting from ExpertHost to NamesPro, and our e-mails and website are more reliable now.  Everything is working fine.

Friday, February 15, 2013

New issue published: vol 126 issue 3

We have published a new issue!  Actually we published it a couple of weeks ago, but I was busy finishing my PhD thesis revisions (my PhD is finally over), so this blog post had to wait on a back burner temporarily.  I apologize for the delay.

Volume 126 issue 3 covers a variety of taxa, regions, and topics, as you've come to expect from CFN.  Predictors of snake roadkill? Check.  Caribou crossing sea ice? Check.  Plus some of the most bad-ass animals are featured in all their bad-ass glory: badgers, fishers, wolves, and lamprey.  And orchids and willows, which I will also call bad-ass just so my botanist friends do not flog me with poison ivy.  Enjoy the issue!

Articles
--------
The Influence of Willow Salix sp. Rose Insect Galls on Moose Alces alces Winter Browsing (189-193)
Roy V. Rea


Proximity to Hibernacula and Road Type Influence Potential Road Mortality of Snakes in Southwestern Saskatchewan (194-203)
Ashley N. Fortney, Ray G. Poulin, Jessica A. Martino, Dennilyn L.Parker, Christopher M. Somers


Early Spawning by the American Brook Lamprey (Lethenteron appendix) in Southeastern Minnesota (204-209)
Philip A. Cochran, Mark A. Ross, Thomas S. Walker, Trevor Biederman


First Specimens of the Marine Eels Venefica ocella and V. tentaculata (Nettastomatidae) from British Columbia (210-216)
Gavin F. Hanke, Steven M. Roias



Notes
--------
Sea Ice Crossing by Migrating Caribou, Rangifer tarandus, in Northwestern Alaska (217-220)
Kyle Joly


Use of a Dorsal Radio-Transmitter Implant in American Badgers, Taxidea taxus (221-225)
Gilbert Proulx, Neil MacKenzie


Observations of Nocturnal Hunting Behaviour of American Badgers, Taxidea taxus, in Southwestern Saskatchewan (226-230)
Gilbert Proulx, Neil MacKenzie


A Significant Range Extension for the Eastern Ribbonsnake, Thamnophis sauritus, in Nova Scotia, Canada (231-233)
John Gilhen, Alice Jones, Jeffie McNeil, Arthur W. Tanner


In situ Caching of a Large Mammal Carcass by a Fisher, Martes pennanti (234-237)
Ethan A. Hüner, Justin F. B. Peter


Severe Maxillary Osteomyelitis in a Gray Wolf (Canis lupus) (238-241)
Shannon Barber-Meyer


The Impact of Deer Herbivory and Drought on Population Growth of Goodyera pubescens (Orchidaceae) in Southwestern Quebec (242-244)
Joyce M. Reddoch, Allan H. Reddoch



Tributes and Obituaries
--------
A Tribute to Stewart Dixon MacDonald, 1927–2010 (245-251)
David R. Gray, Sally E. Gray


A Tribute to Donald M. Britton (1923–2012), Canada’s Premier Pteridologist (252-259)
Daniel F. Brunton



Book Reviews
--------
"Birds of Central Asia: Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan" by Raffael Ayé et al. 2012. [book review] (260-261)
Roy John


"Birds of the Masai Mara" by Adam Kennedy and "Animals of theMasai Mara" by Adam and Vicki Kennedy. 2012. [book review] (261-262)
Roy John


"Squirrels of the World" by R. W. Thorington et al. 2012. [book review] (262)
Randy Lauff


"Okanagan Geology South: Geologic Highlights of the South Okanagan Valley, British Columbia" edited by Murray A. Roed and Robert J. Fulton. 2011. [book review] (263-264)
Alwynne B. Beaudoin


New titles (264)
Roy John



News and Comment
--------
Northeast Natural History Conference 2013; American Society of Mammalogists Annual Meeting 2013 (265)
Carolyn Callaghan



Errata
--------
Erratum: Caractéristiques d’une population introduite du Grand brochet, Esox lucius, dans le lac Ramsay, Parc de la Gatineau, Québec, et impact sur l’ichtyofaune. (2005) 119(3): 359-366. (265)
Josiane Vachon, Brigitte F. Lavallée, François Chapleau



Club Reports
--------
Minutes of the 133rd Annual Business Meeting of The Ottawa Field-Naturalists’ Club January 10, 2012 (266-277)
Ann MacKenzie


Instructions for Authors (278-280)
Carolyn Callaghan


Friday, January 4, 2013

Happy New Year!

Welcome to 2013! Our gift to you: an updated list of 2013 conferences relevant to Canadian (and northern US) natural history and ecology!  Just click on the "Bio Conference Listing" tab.  And bookmark it.  And tell all your friends!

May your 2013 be natural and historic!